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Heat Transfer Equipment is a piece of equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. Heat Transfer Equipment are devices whose primary responsibility is the transfer (exchange) of heat, typically from one fluid to another. However, they are not only used in heating applications, such as space heaters, but are also used in cooling applications, such as refrigerators and air conditioners.
According to our latest study, the global Heat Transfer Equipment market size was valued at USD 14240 million in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD 19010 million by 2029 with a CAGR of 4.2% during review period. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes.
Alfa Laval and Kelvion (GEA) are the top 2 players of Heat Transfer Equipment, with about 30% market shares.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Heat Transfer Equipment market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by manufacturers, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2023, are provided.
Key Features:
Global Heat Transfer Equipment market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (USD/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Heat Transfer Equipment market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (USD/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Heat Transfer Equipment market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (USD/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Heat Transfer Equipment market shares of main players, shipments in revenue ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and ASP (USD/Unit), 2018-2023
The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
To assess the growth potential for Heat Transfer Equipment
To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace
This report profiles key players in the global Heat Transfer Equipment market based on the following parameters - company overview, production, value, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Alfa Laval, Kelvion (GEA), SPX Corporation, IHI and SPX-Flow, etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.
Market Segmentation
Heat Transfer Equipment market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2018-2029, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
Market segment by Type
Shell & Tube
Plate
Fin Type
Air Cooled
Market segment by Application
Petrochemical
Electric Power & Metallurgy
Shipbuilding Industry
Mechanical Industry
Central Heating
Food Industry
Others
Major players covered
Alfa Laval
Kelvion (GEA)
SPX Corporation
IHI
SPX-Flow
DOOSAN
API
KNM
Funke
Xylem
Thermowave
Hisaka
Sondex A/S
SWEP
LARSEN & TOUBRO
Accessen
THT
Hitachi Zosen
LANPEC
Siping ViEX
Beichen
Lanzhou LS
Defon
Ormandy
FL-HTEP
Market segment by region, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Heat Transfer Equipment product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Heat Transfer Equipment, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Heat Transfer Equipment from 2018 to 2023.
Chapter 3, the Heat Transfer Equipment competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Heat Transfer Equipment breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value and growth by regions, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value and market share for key countries in the world, from 2017 to 2022.and Heat Transfer Equipment market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2024 to 2029.
Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, Porters Five Forces analysis, and Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War.
Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Heat Transfer Equipment.
Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Heat Transfer Equipment sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.
The base year for the study has been considered 2019, historic year 2014 and 2018, the forecast period considered is from 2020 to 2027. The regions analyzed for the market include North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. These regions are further analyzed at the country-level. The study also includes attractiveness analysis of type, application and regions which are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and attractiveness in terms of present and future opportunity for understanding the future growth of the market.
Market is segmented on the basis:
The report offers in-depth analysis of driving factors, opportunities, restraints, and challenges for gaining the key insight of the market. The report emphasizes on all the key trends that play a vital role in the enlargement of the market from 2019 to 2026.
The report provides company profile of the key players operating in the market and a comparative analysis based on their business overviews industry offering, segment market share, regional presence, business strategies, innovations, mergers & acquisitions, recent developments, joint venture, collaborations, partnerships, SWOT analysis, and key financial information.
1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Heat Transfer Equipment
1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
1.3 Market Analysis by Type
1.3.1 Overview: Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Type: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.3.2 Shell & Tube
1.3.3 Plate
1.3.4 Fin Type
1.3.5 Air Cooled
1.4 Market Analysis by Application
1.4.1 Overview: Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Application: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.4.2 Petrochemical
1.4.3 Electric Power & Metallurgy
1.4.4 Shipbuilding Industry
1.4.5 Mechanical Industry
1.4.6 Central Heating
1.4.7 Food Industry
1.4.8 Others
1.5 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Market Size & Forecast
1.5.1 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
1.5.2 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (2018-2029)
1.5.3 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price (2018-2029)
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Alfa Laval
2.1.1 Alfa Laval Details
2.1.2 Alfa Laval Major Business
2.1.3 Alfa Laval Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.1.4 Alfa Laval Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.1.5 Alfa Laval Recent Developments/Updates
2.2 Kelvion (GEA)
2.2.1 Kelvion (GEA) Details
2.2.2 Kelvion (GEA) Major Business
2.2.3 Kelvion (GEA) Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.2.4 Kelvion (GEA) Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.2.5 Kelvion (GEA) Recent Developments/Updates
2.3 SPX Corporation
2.3.1 SPX Corporation Details
2.3.2 SPX Corporation Major Business
2.3.3 SPX Corporation Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.3.4 SPX Corporation Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.3.5 SPX Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
2.4 IHI
2.4.1 IHI Details
2.4.2 IHI Major Business
2.4.3 IHI Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.4.4 IHI Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.4.5 IHI Recent Developments/Updates
2.5 SPX-Flow
2.5.1 SPX-Flow Details
2.5.2 SPX-Flow Major Business
2.5.3 SPX-Flow Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.5.4 SPX-Flow Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.5.5 SPX-Flow Recent Developments/Updates
2.6 DOOSAN
2.6.1 DOOSAN Details
2.6.2 DOOSAN Major Business
2.6.3 DOOSAN Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.6.4 DOOSAN Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.6.5 DOOSAN Recent Developments/Updates
2.7 API
2.7.1 API Details
2.7.2 API Major Business
2.7.3 API Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.7.4 API Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.7.5 API Recent Developments/Updates
2.8 KNM
2.8.1 KNM Details
2.8.2 KNM Major Business
2.8.3 KNM Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.8.4 KNM Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.8.5 KNM Recent Developments/Updates
2.9 Funke
2.9.1 Funke Details
2.9.2 Funke Major Business
2.9.3 Funke Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.9.4 Funke Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.9.5 Funke Recent Developments/Updates
2.10 Xylem
2.10.1 Xylem Details
2.10.2 Xylem Major Business
2.10.3 Xylem Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.10.4 Xylem Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.10.5 Xylem Recent Developments/Updates
2.11 Thermowave
2.11.1 Thermowave Details
2.11.2 Thermowave Major Business
2.11.3 Thermowave Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.11.4 Thermowave Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.11.5 Thermowave Recent Developments/Updates
2.12 Hisaka
2.12.1 Hisaka Details
2.12.2 Hisaka Major Business
2.12.3 Hisaka Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.12.4 Hisaka Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.12.5 Hisaka Recent Developments/Updates
2.13 Sondex A/S
2.13.1 Sondex A/S Details
2.13.2 Sondex A/S Major Business
2.13.3 Sondex A/S Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.13.4 Sondex A/S Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.13.5 Sondex A/S Recent Developments/Updates
2.14 SWEP
2.14.1 SWEP Details
2.14.2 SWEP Major Business
2.14.3 SWEP Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.14.4 SWEP Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.14.5 SWEP Recent Developments/Updates
2.15 LARSEN & TOUBRO
2.15.1 LARSEN & TOUBRO Details
2.15.2 LARSEN & TOUBRO Major Business
2.15.3 LARSEN & TOUBRO Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.15.4 LARSEN & TOUBRO Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.15.5 LARSEN & TOUBRO Recent Developments/Updates
2.16 Accessen
2.16.1 Accessen Details
2.16.2 Accessen Major Business
2.16.3 Accessen Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.16.4 Accessen Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.16.5 Accessen Recent Developments/Updates
2.17 THT
2.17.1 THT Details
2.17.2 THT Major Business
2.17.3 THT Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.17.4 THT Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.17.5 THT Recent Developments/Updates
2.18 Hitachi Zosen
2.18.1 Hitachi Zosen Details
2.18.2 Hitachi Zosen Major Business
2.18.3 Hitachi Zosen Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.18.4 Hitachi Zosen Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.18.5 Hitachi Zosen Recent Developments/Updates
2.19 LANPEC
2.19.1 LANPEC Details
2.19.2 LANPEC Major Business
2.19.3 LANPEC Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.19.4 LANPEC Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.19.5 LANPEC Recent Developments/Updates
2.20 Siping ViEX
2.20.1 Siping ViEX Details
2.20.2 Siping ViEX Major Business
2.20.3 Siping ViEX Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.20.4 Siping ViEX Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.20.5 Siping ViEX Recent Developments/Updates
2.21 Beichen
2.21.1 Beichen Details
2.21.2 Beichen Major Business
2.21.3 Beichen Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.21.4 Beichen Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.21.5 Beichen Recent Developments/Updates
2.22 Lanzhou LS
2.22.1 Lanzhou LS Details
2.22.2 Lanzhou LS Major Business
2.22.3 Lanzhou LS Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.22.4 Lanzhou LS Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.22.5 Lanzhou LS Recent Developments/Updates
2.23 Defon
2.23.1 Defon Details
2.23.2 Defon Major Business
2.23.3 Defon Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.23.4 Defon Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.23.5 Defon Recent Developments/Updates
2.24 Ormandy
2.24.1 Ormandy Details
2.24.2 Ormandy Major Business
2.24.3 Ormandy Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.24.4 Ormandy Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.24.5 Ormandy Recent Developments/Updates
2.25 FL-HTEP
2.25.1 FL-HTEP Details
2.25.2 FL-HTEP Major Business
2.25.3 FL-HTEP Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
2.25.4 FL-HTEP Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.25.5 FL-HTEP Recent Developments/Updates
3 Competitive Environment: Heat Transfer Equipment by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.2 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.3 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.4 Market Share Analysis (2022)
3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Heat Transfer Equipment by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022
3.4.2 Top 3 Heat Transfer Equipment Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.4.2 Top 6 Heat Transfer Equipment Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.5 Heat Transfer Equipment Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
3.5.1 Heat Transfer Equipment Market: Region Footprint
3.5.2 Heat Transfer Equipment Market: Company Product Type Footprint
3.5.3 Heat Transfer Equipment Market: Company Product Application Footprint
3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 Consumption Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
4.1.2 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
4.1.3 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price by Region (2018-2029)
4.2 North America Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.3 Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.5 South America Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value (2018-2029)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
5.2 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)
5.3 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price by Type (2018-2029)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
6.2 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)
6.3 Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price by Application (2018-2029)
7 North America
7.1 North America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
7.2 North America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
7.3 North America Heat Transfer Equipment Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.2 North America Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
8.2 Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
8.3 Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.2 Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9 Asia-Pacific
9.1 Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10 South America
10.1 South America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
10.2 South America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
10.3 South America Heat Transfer Equipment Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.2 South America Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11 Middle East & Africa
11.1 Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
12 Market Dynamics
12.1 Heat Transfer Equipment Market Drivers
12.2 Heat Transfer Equipment Market Restraints
12.3 Heat Transfer Equipment Trends Analysis
12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
12.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
12.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
12.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War
13 Raw Material and Industry Chain
13.1 Raw Material of Heat Transfer Equipment and Key Manufacturers
13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Heat Transfer Equipment
13.3 Heat Transfer Equipment Production Process
13.4 Heat Transfer Equipment Industrial Chain
14 Shipments by Distribution Channel
14.1 Sales Channel
14.1.1 Direct to End-User
14.1.2 Distributors
14.2 Heat Transfer Equipment Typical Distributors
14.3 Heat Transfer Equipment Typical Customers
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
16.1 Methodology
16.2 Research Process and Data Source
16.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 2. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 3. Alfa Laval Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. Alfa Laval Major Business
Table 5. Alfa Laval Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 6. Alfa Laval Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 7. Alfa Laval Recent Developments/Updates
Table 8. Kelvion (GEA) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 9. Kelvion (GEA) Major Business
Table 10. Kelvion (GEA) Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 11. Kelvion (GEA) Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 12. Kelvion (GEA) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 13. SPX Corporation Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 14. SPX Corporation Major Business
Table 15. SPX Corporation Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 16. SPX Corporation Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 17. SPX Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
Table 18. IHI Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 19. IHI Major Business
Table 20. IHI Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 21. IHI Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 22. IHI Recent Developments/Updates
Table 23. SPX-Flow Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 24. SPX-Flow Major Business
Table 25. SPX-Flow Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 26. SPX-Flow Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 27. SPX-Flow Recent Developments/Updates
Table 28. DOOSAN Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 29. DOOSAN Major Business
Table 30. DOOSAN Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 31. DOOSAN Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 32. DOOSAN Recent Developments/Updates
Table 33. API Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 34. API Major Business
Table 35. API Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 36. API Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 37. API Recent Developments/Updates
Table 38. KNM Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 39. KNM Major Business
Table 40. KNM Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 41. KNM Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 42. KNM Recent Developments/Updates
Table 43. Funke Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 44. Funke Major Business
Table 45. Funke Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 46. Funke Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 47. Funke Recent Developments/Updates
Table 48. Xylem Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 49. Xylem Major Business
Table 50. Xylem Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 51. Xylem Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 52. Xylem Recent Developments/Updates
Table 53. Thermowave Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 54. Thermowave Major Business
Table 55. Thermowave Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 56. Thermowave Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 57. Thermowave Recent Developments/Updates
Table 58. Hisaka Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 59. Hisaka Major Business
Table 60. Hisaka Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 61. Hisaka Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 62. Hisaka Recent Developments/Updates
Table 63. Sondex A/S Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 64. Sondex A/S Major Business
Table 65. Sondex A/S Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 66. Sondex A/S Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 67. Sondex A/S Recent Developments/Updates
Table 68. SWEP Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 69. SWEP Major Business
Table 70. SWEP Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 71. SWEP Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 72. SWEP Recent Developments/Updates
Table 73. LARSEN & TOUBRO Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 74. LARSEN & TOUBRO Major Business
Table 75. LARSEN & TOUBRO Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 76. LARSEN & TOUBRO Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 77. LARSEN & TOUBRO Recent Developments/Updates
Table 78. Accessen Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 79. Accessen Major Business
Table 80. Accessen Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 81. Accessen Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 82. Accessen Recent Developments/Updates
Table 83. THT Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 84. THT Major Business
Table 85. THT Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 86. THT Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 87. THT Recent Developments/Updates
Table 88. Hitachi Zosen Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 89. Hitachi Zosen Major Business
Table 90. Hitachi Zosen Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 91. Hitachi Zosen Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 92. Hitachi Zosen Recent Developments/Updates
Table 93. LANPEC Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 94. LANPEC Major Business
Table 95. LANPEC Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 96. LANPEC Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 97. LANPEC Recent Developments/Updates
Table 98. Siping ViEX Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 99. Siping ViEX Major Business
Table 100. Siping ViEX Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 101. Siping ViEX Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 102. Siping ViEX Recent Developments/Updates
Table 103. Beichen Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 104. Beichen Major Business
Table 105. Beichen Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 106. Beichen Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 107. Beichen Recent Developments/Updates
Table 108. Lanzhou LS Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 109. Lanzhou LS Major Business
Table 110. Lanzhou LS Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 111. Lanzhou LS Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 112. Lanzhou LS Recent Developments/Updates
Table 113. Defon Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 114. Defon Major Business
Table 115. Defon Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 116. Defon Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 117. Defon Recent Developments/Updates
Table 118. Ormandy Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 119. Ormandy Major Business
Table 120. Ormandy Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 121. Ormandy Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 122. Ormandy Recent Developments/Updates
Table 123. FL-HTEP Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 124. FL-HTEP Major Business
Table 125. FL-HTEP Heat Transfer Equipment Product and Services
Table 126. FL-HTEP Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (USD/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 127. FL-HTEP Recent Developments/Updates
Table 128. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 129. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 130. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
Table 131. Market Position of Manufacturers in Heat Transfer Equipment, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Consumption Value in 2022
Table 132. Head Office and Heat Transfer Equipment Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 133. Heat Transfer Equipment Market: Company Product Type Footprint
Table 134. Heat Transfer Equipment Market: Company Product Application Footprint
Table 135. Heat Transfer Equipment New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
Table 136. Heat Transfer Equipment Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
Table 137. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 138. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 139. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 140. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 141. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price by Region (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
Table 142. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price by Region (2024-2029) & (USD/Unit)
Table 143. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 144. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 145. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 146. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 147. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price by Type (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
Table 148. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price by Type (2024-2029) & (USD/Unit)
Table 149. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 150. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 151. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 152. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 153. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price by Application (2018-2023) & (USD/Unit)
Table 154. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price by Application (2024-2029) & (USD/Unit)
Table 155. North America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 156. North America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 157. North America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 158. North America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 159. North America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 160. North America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 161. North America Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 162. North America Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 163. Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 164. Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 165. Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 166. Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 167. Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 168. Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 169. Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 170. Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 171. Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 172. Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 173. Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 174. Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 175. Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 176. Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 177. Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 178. Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 179. South America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 180. South America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 181. South America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 182. South America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 183. South America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 184. South America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 185. South America Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 186. South America Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 187. Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 188. Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 189. Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 190. Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 191. Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 192. Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 193. Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 194. Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 195. Heat Transfer Equipment Raw Material
Table 196. Key Manufacturers of Heat Transfer Equipment Raw Materials
Table 197. Heat Transfer Equipment Typical Distributors
Table 198. Heat Transfer Equipment Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Heat Transfer Equipment Picture
Figure 2. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 3. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value Market Share by Type in 2022
Figure 4. Shell & Tube Examples
Figure 5. Plate Examples
Figure 6. Fin Type Examples
Figure 7. Air Cooled Examples
Figure 8. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 9. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value Market Share by Application in 2022
Figure 10. Petrochemical Examples
Figure 11. Electric Power & Metallurgy Examples
Figure 12. Shipbuilding Industry Examples
Figure 13. Mechanical Industry Examples
Figure 14. Central Heating Examples
Figure 15. Food Industry Examples
Figure 16. Others Examples
Figure 17. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value, (USD Million): 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 18. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Forecast (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 19. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 20. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price (2018-2029) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 21. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022
Figure 22. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022
Figure 23. Producer Shipments of Heat Transfer Equipment by Manufacturer Sales Quantity ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2021
Figure 24. Top 3 Heat Transfer Equipment Manufacturer (Consumption Value) Market Share in 2022
Figure 25. Top 6 Heat Transfer Equipment Manufacturer (Consumption Value) Market Share in 2022
Figure 26. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 27. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 28. North America Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 29. Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 30. Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 31. South America Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 32. Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 33. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 34. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 35. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price by Type (2018-2029) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 36. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 37. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 38. Global Heat Transfer Equipment Average Price by Application (2018-2029) & (USD/Unit)
Figure 39. North America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 40. North America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 41. North America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 42. North America Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 43. United States Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 44. Canada Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 45. Mexico Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 46. Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 47. Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 48. Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 49. Europe Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 50. Germany Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 51. France Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 52. United Kingdom Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 53. Russia Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 54. Italy Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 55. Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 56. Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 57. Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 58. Asia-Pacific Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 59. China Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. Japan Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. Korea Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 62. India Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 63. Southeast Asia Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 64. Australia Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 65. South America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 66. South America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 67. South America Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 68. South America Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 69. Brazil Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 70. Argentina Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 71. Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 72. Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 73. Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 74. Middle East & Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 75. Turkey Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 76. Egypt Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 77. Saudi Arabia Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 78. South Africa Heat Transfer Equipment Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 79. Heat Transfer Equipment Market Drivers
Figure 80. Heat Transfer Equipment Market Restraints
Figure 81. Heat Transfer Equipment Market Trends
Figure 82. Porters Five Forces Analysis
Figure 83. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Heat Transfer Equipment in 2022
Figure 84. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Heat Transfer Equipment
Figure 85. Heat Transfer Equipment Industrial Chain
Figure 86. Sales Quantity Channel: Direct to End-User vs Distributors
Figure 87. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Figure 88. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Figure 89. Methodology
Figure 90. Research Process and Data Source
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