The Pazopanib market report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations.
According to our latest study, due to COVID-19 pandemic, the global Pazopanib market size is estimated to be worth US$ million in 2021 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD million by 2028 with a CAGR of % during review period. Renal Cell Carcinoma accounting for % of the Pazopanib global market in 2021, is projected to value USD million by 2028, growing at a % CAGR in next six years. While 200mg Tables segment is altered to a % CAGR between 2022 and 2028.
Global key manufacturers of Pazopanib include Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, , , and , etc. In terms of revenue, the global top four players hold a share over % in 2021.
Market segmentation
Pazopanib market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2017-2028, the growth among segments provide accurate calculations and forecasts for sales by Type and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.
Market segment by Type, covers
200mg Tables
400mg Tables
Market segment by Application can be divided into
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Other
The key market players for global Pazopanib market are listed below:
Novartis
GlaxoSmithKline
Market segment by region, regional analysis covers
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:
Chapter 1, to describe Pazopanib product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market driving force and market risks.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Pazopanib, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Pazopanib from 2019 to 2022.
Chapter 3, the Pazopanib competitive situation, sales, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Pazopanib breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales, revenue and growth by regions, from 2017 to 2028.
Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2017 to 2028.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales, revenue and market share for key countries in the world, from 2017 to 2022.and Pazopanib market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2023 to 2028.
Chapter 12, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Pazopanib.
Chapter 13, 14, and 15, to describe Pazopanib sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion, appendix and data source.
The base year for the study has been considered 2019, historic year 2014 and 2018, the forecast period considered is from 2020 to 2027. The regions analyzed for the market include North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. These regions are further analyzed at the country-level. The study also includes attractiveness analysis of type, application and regions which are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and attractiveness in terms of present and future opportunity for understanding the future growth of the market.
Market is segmented on the basis:
The report offers in-depth analysis of driving factors, opportunities, restraints, and challenges for gaining the key insight of the market. The report emphasizes on all the key trends that play a vital role in the enlargement of the market from 2019 to 2026.
The report provides company profile of the key players operating in the market and a comparative analysis based on their business overviews industry offering, segment market share, regional presence, business strategies, innovations, mergers & acquisitions, recent developments, joint venture, collaborations, partnerships, SWOT analysis, and key financial information.
1 Market Overview
1.1 Pazopanib Introduction
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Overview: Global Pazopanib Revenue by Type: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.2.2 200mg Tables
1.2.3 400mg Tables
1.3 Market Analysis by Application
1.3.1 Overview: Global Pazopanib Revenue by Application: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
1.3.2 Renal Cell Carcinoma
1.3.3 Soft Tissue Sarcoma
1.3.4 Other
1.4 Global Pazopanib Market Size & Forecast
1.4.1 Global Pazopanib Sales in Value (2017 & 2021 & 2028)
1.4.2 Global Pazopanib Sales in Volume (2017-2028)
1.4.3 Global Pazopanib Price (2017-2028)
1.5 Global Pazopanib Production Capacity Analysis
1.5.1 Global Pazopanib Total Production Capacity (2017-2028)
1.5.2 Global Pazopanib Production Capacity by Geographic Region
1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.6.1 Pazopanib Market Drivers
1.6.2 Pazopanib Market Restraints
1.6.3 Pazopanib Trends Analysis
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Novartis
2.1.1 Novartis Details
2.1.2 Novartis Major Business
2.1.3 Novartis Pazopanib Product and Services
2.1.4 Novartis Pazopanib Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
2.2 GlaxoSmithKline
2.2.1 GlaxoSmithKline Details
2.2.2 GlaxoSmithKline Major Business
2.2.3 GlaxoSmithKline Pazopanib Product and Services
2.2.4 GlaxoSmithKline Pazopanib Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3 Pazopanib Breakdown Data by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Pazopanib Sales in Volume by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.2 Global Pazopanib Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
3.3 Key Manufacturer Market Position in Pazopanib
3.4 Market Concentration Rate
3.4.1 Top 3 Pazopanib Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.4.2 Top 6 Pazopanib Manufacturer Market Share in 2021
3.5 Global Pazopanib Production Capacity by Company: 2021 VS 2022
3.6 Manufacturer by Geography: Head Office and Pazopanib Production Site
3.7 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions
4 Market Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Pazopanib Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Pazopanib Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
4.1.2 Global Pazopanib Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
4.2 North America Pazopanib Revenue (2017-2028)
4.3 Europe Pazopanib Revenue (2017-2028)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Revenue (2017-2028)
4.5 South America Pazopanib Revenue (2017-2028)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Pazopanib Revenue (2017-2028)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Pazopanib Sales in Volume by Type (2017-2028)
5.2 Global Pazopanib Revenue by Type (2017-2028)
5.3 Global Pazopanib Price by Type (2017-2028)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Pazopanib Sales in Volume by Application (2017-2028)
6.2 Global Pazopanib Revenue by Application (2017-2028)
6.3 Global Pazopanib Price by Application (2017-2028)
7 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application
7.1 North America Pazopanib Sales by Type (2017-2028)
7.2 North America Pazopanib Sales by Application (2017-2028)
7.3 North America Pazopanib Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Pazopanib Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.2 North America Pazopanib Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application
8.1 Europe Pazopanib Sales by Type (2017-2028)
8.2 Europe Pazopanib Sales by Application (2017-2028)
8.3 Europe Pazopanib Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Pazopanib Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.2 Europe Pazopanib Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9 Asia-Pacific by Region, by Type, and by Application
9.1 Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Sales by Type (2017-2028)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Sales by Application (2017-2028)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Sales in Volume by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Revenue by Region (2017-2028)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10 South America by Region, by Type, and by Application
10.1 South America Pazopanib Sales by Type (2017-2028)
10.2 South America Pazopanib Sales by Application (2017-2028)
10.3 South America Pazopanib Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Pazopanib Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.2 South America Pazopanib Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application
11.1 Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Sales by Type (2017-2028)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Sales by Application (2017-2028)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Sales in Volume by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Revenue by Country (2017-2028)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2017-2028)
12 Raw Material and Industry Chain
12.1 Raw Material of Pazopanib and Key Manufacturers
12.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Pazopanib
12.3 Pazopanib Production Process
12.4 Pazopanib Industrial Chain
13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers
13.1 Sales Channel
13.1.1 Direct Marketing
13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
13.2 Pazopanib Typical Distributors
13.3 Pazopanib Typical Customers
14 Research Findings and Conclusion
15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Process and Data Source
15.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Pazopanib Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 2. Global Pazopanib Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 3. Novartis Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. Novartis Major Business
Table 5. Novartis Pazopanib Product and Services
Table 6. Novartis Pazopanib Sales (K Pcs), Price (USD/Pcs), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 7. GlaxoSmithKline Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 8. GlaxoSmithKline Major Business
Table 9. GlaxoSmithKline Pazopanib Product and Services
Table 10. GlaxoSmithKline Pazopanib Sales (K Pcs), Price (USD/Pcs), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022)
Table 11. Global Pazopanib Sales by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 12. Global Pazopanib Revenue by Manufacturer (2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022) & (USD Million)
Table 13. Market Position of Manufacturers in Pazopanib, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Revenue in 2021
Table 14. Global Pazopanib Production Capacity by Company, (K Pcs): 2020 VS 2021
Table 15. Head Office and Pazopanib Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 16. Pazopanib New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans
Table 17. Pazopanib Mergers & Acquisitions in the Past Five Years
Table 18. Global Pazopanib Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 19. Global Pazopanib Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 20. Global Pazopanib Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 21. Global Pazopanib Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 22. Global Pazopanib Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 23. Global Pazopanib Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 24. Global Pazopanib Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 25. Global Pazopanib Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 26. Global Pazopanib Price by Type (2017-2022) & (USD/Pcs)
Table 27. Global Pazopanib Price by Type (2023-2028) & (USD/Pcs)
Table 28. Global Pazopanib Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 29. Global Pazopanib Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 30. Global Pazopanib Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 31. Global Pazopanib Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 32. Global Pazopanib Price by Application (2017-2022) & (USD/Pcs)
Table 33. Global Pazopanib Price by Application (2023-2028) & (USD/Pcs)
Table 34. North America Pazopanib Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 35. North America Pazopanib Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 36. North America Pazopanib Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 37. North America Pazopanib Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 38. North America Pazopanib Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 39. North America Pazopanib Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 40. North America Pazopanib Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 41. North America Pazopanib Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 42. Europe Pazopanib Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 43. Europe Pazopanib Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 44. Europe Pazopanib Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 45. Europe Pazopanib Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 46. Europe Pazopanib Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 47. Europe Pazopanib Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 48. Europe Pazopanib Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 49. Europe Pazopanib Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 50. Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 51. Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 52. Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 53. Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 54. Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 55. Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 56. Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 57. Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 58. South America Pazopanib Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 59. South America Pazopanib Sales by Country (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 60. South America Pazopanib Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 61. South America Pazopanib Revenue by Country (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 62. South America Pazopanib Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 63. South America Pazopanib Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 64. South America Pazopanib Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 65. South America Pazopanib Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 66. Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 67. Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Sales by Region (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 68. Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 69. Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Revenue by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 70. Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 71. Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Sales by Type (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 72. Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Sales by Application (2017-2022) & (K Pcs)
Table 73. Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Sales by Application (2023-2028) & (K Pcs)
Table 74. Pazopanib Raw Material
Table 75. Key Manufacturers of Pazopanib Raw Materials
Table 76. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Table 77. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Table 78. Pazopanib Typical Distributors
Table 79. Pazopanib Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Pazopanib Picture
Figure 2. Global Pazopanib Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Figure 3. 200mg Tables
Figure 4. 400mg Tables
Figure 5. Global Pazopanib Revenue Market Share by Application in 2021
Figure 6. Renal Cell Carcinoma
Figure 7. Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Figure 8. Other
Figure 9. Global Pazopanib Revenue, (USD Million) & (K Pcs): 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Figure 10. Global Pazopanib Revenue and Forecast (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 11. Global Pazopanib Sales (2017-2028) & (K Pcs)
Figure 12. Global Pazopanib Price (2017-2028) & (USD/Pcs)
Figure 13. Global Pazopanib Production Capacity (2017-2028) & (K Pcs)
Figure 14. Global Pazopanib Production Capacity by Geographic Region: 2022 VS 2028
Figure 15. Pazopanib Market Drivers
Figure 16. Pazopanib Market Restraints
Figure 17. Pazopanib Market Trends
Figure 18. Global Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 19. Global Pazopanib Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2021
Figure 20. Pazopanib Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) in 2021
Figure 21. Top 3 Pazopanib Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 22. Top 6 Pazopanib Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2021
Figure 23. Global Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 24. Global Pazopanib Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 25. North America Pazopanib Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 26. Europe Pazopanib Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 27. Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 28. South America Pazopanib Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 29. Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Revenue (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 30. Global Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 31. Global Pazopanib Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 32. Global Pazopanib Price by Type (2017-2028) & (USD/Pcs)
Figure 33. Global Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 34. Global Pazopanib Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 35. Global Pazopanib Price by Application (2017-2028) & (USD/Pcs)
Figure 36. North America Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 37. North America Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 38. North America Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 39. North America Pazopanib Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 40. United States Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 41. Canada Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 42. Mexico Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 43. Europe Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 44. Europe Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 45. Europe Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 46. Europe Pazopanib Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 47. Germany Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 48. France Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 49. United Kingdom Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 50. Russia Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 51. Italy Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 55. Asia-Pacific Pazopanib Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 56. China Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 57. Japan Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 58. Korea Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 59. India Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. Southeast Asia Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. Australia Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 62. South America Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 63. South America Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 64. South America Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 65. South America Pazopanib Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2028)
Figure 66. Brazil Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 67. Argentina Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 71. Middle East & Africa Pazopanib Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 72. Turkey Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 73. Egypt Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 74. Saudi Arabia Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 75. South Africa Pazopanib Revenue and Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 76. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Pazopanib in 2021
Figure 77. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Pazopanib
Figure 78. Pazopanib Industrial Chain
Figure 79. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel
Figure 80. Methodology
Figure 81. Research Process and Data Source