Global SEBS Market 2021 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2026

  • receipt Report ID : 162479
  • calendar_today Published On: Feb, 2021
  • file_copy Pages: 156
  • list Chemical and Material
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The SEBS market report provides a detailed analysis of global market size, regional and country-level market size, segmentation market growth, market share, competitive Landscape, sales analysis, impact of domestic and global market players, value chain optimization, trade regulations, recent developments, opportunities analysis, strategic market growth analysis, product launches, area marketplace expanding, and technological innovations.

According to our latest research, the global SEBS size is estimated to be xx million in 2020 from USD 1434.7 million in 2019, with a change of XX% between 2019 and 2020. The global SEBS market size is expected to grow at a CAGR of 0.9% for the next five years.

Market segmentation

SEBS market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2016-2026, the growth among segments provide accurate calculations and forecasts for sales by Type and by Application in terms of volume and value. This analysis can help you expand your business by targeting qualified niche markets.

Market segment by Type, covers

Particles

Powder

Market segment by Application can be divided into

Covering Material

Car Accessories

Sealing Material

Toy

Engineering Plastics Modification

Others

The key market players for global SEBS market are listed below:

Kraton

Dynasol

Eni

Kuraray

Asahi Kasei

TSRC

LCY

Sinopec

Market segment by Region, regional analysis covers

North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)

Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)

Frequently Asked Questions

The base year for the study has been considered 2019, historic year 2014 and 2018, the forecast period considered is from 2020 to 2027. The regions analyzed for the market include North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, and Middle East and Africa. These regions are further analyzed at the country-level. The study also includes attractiveness analysis of type, application and regions which are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate and attractiveness in terms of present and future opportunity for understanding the future growth of the market.

Market is segmented on the basis:

  • By Type
  • By Application
  • By Region
  • By Country
  • By Manufacturer

The report offers in-depth analysis of driving factors, opportunities, restraints, and challenges for gaining the key insight of the market. The report emphasizes on all the key trends that play a vital role in the enlargement of the market from 2019 to 2026.

The report provides company profile of the key players operating in the market and a comparative analysis based on their business overviews industry offering, segment market share, regional presence, business strategies, innovations, mergers & acquisitions, recent developments, joint venture, collaborations, partnerships, SWOT analysis, and key financial information.

1 Market Overview

1.1 SEBS Introduction

1.2 Market Analysis by Type

1.2.1 Overview: Global SEBS Revenue by Type: 2019 Versus 2021 Versus 2026

1.2.2 Particles

1.2.3 Powder

1.3 Market Analysis by Application

1.3.1 Overview: Global SEBS Revenue by Application: 2019 Versus 2021 Versus 2026

1.3.2 Covering Material

1.3.3 Car Accessories

1.3.4 Sealing Material

1.3.5 Toy

1.3.6 Engineering Plastics Modification

1.3.7 Others

1.4 Global SEBS Market Size & Forecast

1.4.1 Global SEBS Sales in Value (2016-2026))

1.4.2 Global SEBS Sales in Volume (2016-2026)

1.4.3 Global SEBS Price by Type (2016-2026) & (USD/MT)

1.5 Global SEBS Production Capacity Analysis

1.5.1 Global SEBS Total Production Capacity (2016-2026)

1.5.2 Global SEBS Production Capacity by Geographic Region

1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends

1.6.1 SEBS Market Drivers

1.6.2 SEBS Market Restraints

1.6.3 SEBS Trends Analysis

2 Manufacturers Profiles

2.1 Kraton

2.1.1 Kraton Details

2.1.2 Kraton Major Business

2.1.3 Kraton SEBS Product and Services

2.1.4 Kraton SEBS Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

2.2 Dynasol

2.2.1 Dynasol Details

2.2.2 Dynasol Major Business

2.2.3 Dynasol SEBS Product and Services

2.2.4 Dynasol SEBS Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

2.3 Eni

2.3.1 Eni Details

2.3.2 Eni Major Business

2.3.3 Eni SEBS Product and Services

2.3.4 Eni SEBS Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

2.4 Kuraray

2.4.1 Kuraray Details

2.4.2 Kuraray Major Business

2.4.3 Kuraray SEBS Product and Services

2.4.4 Kuraray SEBS Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

2.5 Asahi Kasei

2.5.1 Asahi Kasei Details

2.5.2 Asahi Kasei Major Business

2.5.3 Asahi Kasei SEBS Product and Services

2.5.4 Asahi Kasei SEBS Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

2.6 TSRC

2.6.1 TSRC Details

2.6.2 TSRC Major Business

2.6.3 TSRC SEBS Product and Services

2.6.4 TSRC SEBS Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

2.7 LCY

2.7.1 LCY Details

2.7.2 LCY Major Business

2.7.3 LCY SEBS Product and Services

2.7.4 LCY SEBS Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

2.8 Sinopec

2.8.1 Sinopec Details

2.8.2 Sinopec Major Business

2.8.3 Sinopec SEBS Product and Services

2.8.4 Sinopec SEBS Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

3 SEBS Sales by Manufacturer

3.1 Global SEBS Sales in Volume by Manufacturer (2019-2021e)

3.2 Global SEBS Revenue by Manufacturer (2019-2021e)

3.3 Key Manufacturer Market Position in SEBS

3.4 Market Concentration Rate

3.4.1 Top 3 SEBS Manufacturer Market Share

3.4.2 Top 6 SEBS Manufacturer Market Share

3.5 Global SEBS Production Capacity by Company

3.6 Manufacturer by Geography: Head Office and SEBS Production Site

3.7 New Entrant and Capacity Expansion Plans

3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions

4 Market Analysis by Region

4.1 Global SEBS Market Size by Region

4.1.1 Global SEBS Sales in Volume by Region (2016-2026)

4.1.2 Global SEBS Revenue by Region (2016-2026)

4.2 North America SEBS Revenue (2016-2026)

4.3 Europe SEBS Revenue (2016-2026)

4.4 Asia-Pacific SEBS Revenue (2016-2026)

4.5 South America SEBS Revenue (2016-2026)

4.6 Middle East and Africa SEBS Revenue (2016-2026)

5 Market Segment by Type

5.1 Global SEBS Sales in Volume by Type (2016-2026)

5.2 Global SEBS Revenue by Type (2016-2026)

5.3 Global SEBS Price by Type (2016-2026)

6 Market Segment by Application

6.1 Global SEBS Sales in Volume by Application (2016-2026)

6.2 Global SEBS Revenue by Application (2016-2026)

6.3 Global SEBS Price by Application (2016-2026)

7 North America by Country, by Type, and by Application

7.1 North America SEBS Sales by Type (2016-2026)

7.2 North America SEBS Sales by Application (2016-2026)

7.3 North America SEBS Market Size by Country

7.3.1 North America SEBS Sales in Volume by Country (2016-2026)

7.3.2 North America SEBS Revenue by Country (2016-2026)

7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

8 Europe by Country, by Type, and by Application

8.1 Europe SEBS Sales by Type (2016-2026)

8.2 Europe SEBS Sales by Application (2016-2026)

8.3 Europe SEBS Market Size by Country

8.3.1 Europe SEBS Sales in Volume by Country (2016-2026)

8.3.2 Europe SEBS Revenue by Country (2016-2026)

8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

9 Asia-Pacific by Country, by Type, and by Application

9.1 Asia-Pacific SEBS Sales by Type (2016-2026)

9.2 Asia-Pacific SEBS Sales by Application (2016-2026)

9.3 Asia-Pacific SEBS Market Size by Region

9.3.1 Asia-Pacific SEBS Sales in Volume by Region (2016-2026)

9.3.2 Asia-Pacific SEBS Revenue by Region (2016-2026)

9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

10 South America by Country, by Type, and by Application

10.1 South America SEBS Sales by Type (2016-2026)

10.2 South America SEBS Sales by Application (2016-2026)

10.3 South America SEBS Market Size by Country

10.3.1 South America SEBS Sales in Volume by Country (2016-2026)

10.3.2 South America SEBS Revenue by Country (2016-2026)

10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

11 Middle East & Africa by Country, by Type, and by Application

11.1 Middle East & Africa SEBS Sales by Type (2016-2026)

11.2 Middle East & Africa SEBS Sales by Application (2016-2026)

11.3 Middle East & Africa SEBS Market Size by Country

11.3.1 Middle East & Africa SEBS Sales in Volume by Country (2016-2026)

11.3.2 Middle East & Africa SEBS Revenue by Country (2016-2026)

11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026)

12 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers

12.1 Sales Channel

12.1.1 Direct Marketing

12.1.2 Indirect Marketing

12.2 SEBS Typical Distributors

12.3 SEBS Typical Customers

13 Research Findings and Conclusion

14 Appendix

14.1 Methodology

14.2 Research Process and Data Source

14.3 Disclaimer

List of Tables

Table 1. Global SEBS Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2021-2026

Table 2. Global SEBS Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2021-2026

Table 3. Kraton Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 4. Kraton Major Business

Table 5. Kraton SEBS Product and Services

Table 6. Kraton SEBS Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

Table 7. Dynasol Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 8. Dynasol Major Business

Table 9. Dynasol SEBS Product and Services

Table 10. Dynasol SEBS Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

Table 11. Eni Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 12. Eni Major Business

Table 13. Eni SEBS Product and Services

Table 14. Eni SEBS Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

Table 15. Kuraray Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 16. Kuraray Major Business

Table 17. Kuraray SEBS Product and Services

Table 18. Kuraray SEBS Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

Table 19. Asahi Kasei Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 20. Asahi Kasei Major Business

Table 21. Asahi Kasei SEBS Product and Services

Table 22. Asahi Kasei SEBS Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

Table 23. TSRC Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 24. TSRC Major Business

Table 25. TSRC SEBS Product and Services

Table 26. TSRC SEBS Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

Table 27. LCY Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 28. LCY Major Business

Table 29. LCY SEBS Product and Services

Table 30. LCY SEBS Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

Table 31. Sinopec Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors

Table 32. Sinopec Major Business

Table 33. Sinopec SEBS Product and Services

Table 34. Sinopec SEBS Sales (K MT), Price (USD/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2019-2021e)

Table 35. Global SEBS Sales by Manufacturer (2019-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 36. Global SEBS Revenue by Manufacturer (2019-2021e) & (USD Million)

Table 37. Market Position of Manufacturers in SEBS, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Revenue in 2020

Table 38. Global SEBS Production Capacity by Company, (K MT): 2020 VS 2021

Table 39. Head Office and SEBS Production Site of Key Manufacturer

Table 40. Global SEBS Sales by Region (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 41. Global SEBS Sales by Region (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 42. Global SEBS Revenue by Region (2016-2021e) & (USD Million)

Table 43. Global SEBS Revenue by Region (2021-2026) & (USD Million)

Table 44. Global SEBS Sales by Type (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 45. Global SEBS Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 46. Global SEBS Revenue by Type (2016-2021e) & (USD Million)

Table 47. Global SEBS Revenue by Type (2021-2026) & (USD Million)

Table 48. Global SEBS Price by Type (2016-2021e) & (USD/MT)

Table 49. Global SEBS Price by Type (2021-2026) & (USD/MT)

Table 50. Global SEBS Sales by Application (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 51. Global SEBS Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 52. Global SEBS Revenue by Application (2016-2021e) & (USD Million)

Table 53. Global SEBS Revenue by Application (2021-2026) & (USD Million)

Table 54. Global SEBS Price by Application (2016-2021e) & (USD/MT)

Table 55. Global SEBS Price by Application (2021-2026) & (USD/MT)

Table 56. North America SEBS Sales by Country (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 57. North America SEBS Sales by Country (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 58. North America SEBS Revenue by Country (2016-2021e) & (USD Million)

Table 59. North America SEBS Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million)

Table 60. North America SEBS Sales by Type (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 61. North America SEBS Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 62. North America SEBS Sales by Application (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 63. North America SEBS Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 64. Europe SEBS Sales by Country (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 65. Europe SEBS Sales by Country (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 66. Europe SEBS Revenue by Country (2016-2021e) & (USD Million)

Table 67. Europe SEBS Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million)

Table 68. Europe SEBS Sales by Type (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 69. Europe SEBS Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 70. Europe SEBS Sales by Application (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 71. Europe SEBS Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 72. Asia-Pacific SEBS Sales by Region (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 73. Asia-Pacific SEBS Sales by Region (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 74. Asia-Pacific SEBS Revenue by Region (2016-2021e) & (USD Million)

Table 75. Asia-Pacific SEBS Revenue by Region (2021-2026) & (USD Million)

Table 76. Asia-Pacific SEBS Sales by Type (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 77. Asia-Pacific SEBS Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 78. Asia-Pacific SEBS Sales by Application (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 79. Asia-Pacific SEBS Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 80. South America SEBS Sales by Country (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 81. South America SEBS Sales by Country (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 82. South America SEBS Revenue by Country (2016-2021e) & (USD Million)

Table 83. South America SEBS Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million)

Table 84. South America SEBS Sales by Type (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 85. South America SEBS Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 86. South America SEBS Sales by Application (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 87. South America SEBS Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 88. Middle East & Africa SEBS Sales by Country (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 89. Middle East & Africa SEBS Sales by Country (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 90. Middle East & Africa SEBS Revenue by Country (2016-2021e) & (USD Million)

Table 91. Middle East & Africa SEBS Revenue by Country (2021-2026) & (USD Million)

Table 92. Middle East & Africa SEBS Sales by Type (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 93. Middle East & Africa SEBS Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 94. Middle East & Africa SEBS Sales by Application (2016-2021e) & (K MT)

Table 95. Middle East & Africa SEBS Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (K MT)

Table 96. Direct Channel Pros & Cons

Table 97. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons

Table 98. SEBS Typical Distributors

Table 99. SEBS Typical Customers

List of Figures

Figure 1. SEBS Picture

Figure 2. Global SEBS Sales Market Share by Type in 2020

Figure 3. Particles

Figure 4. Powder

Figure 5. Global SEBS Sales Market Share by Application in 2020

Figure 6. Covering Material

Figure 7. Car Accessories

Figure 8. Sealing Material

Figure 9. Toy

Figure 10. Engineering Plastics Modification

Figure 11. Others

Figure 12. Global SEBS Market Size, (USD Million) & (K MT): 2020 VS 2021 VS 2026

Figure 13. Global SEBS Market Size and Forecast (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 14. United States SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 15. Canada SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 16. Mexico SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 17. Germany SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 18. France SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 19. United Kingdom SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 20. Russia SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 21. Italy SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 22. China SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 23. Japan SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 24. Korea SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 25. India SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 26. Southeast Asia SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 27. Australia SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 28. Brazil SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 29. Egypt SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 30. Saudi Arabia SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 31. South Africa SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 32. Turkey SEBS Revenue and Growth Rate (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 33. Global SEBS Sales (2016-2026) & (K MT)

Figure 34. Global SEBS Production Capacity (2016-2026) & (K MT)

Figure 35. Global SEBS Production Capacity by Geographic Region: 2020 VS 2021

Figure 36. SEBS Market Drivers

Figure 37. SEBS Market Restraints

Figure 38. SEBS Market Trends

Figure 39. Global SEBS Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2020

Figure 40. Global SEBS Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2020

Figure 41. SEBS Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)

Figure 42. Top 3 SEBS Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2020

Figure 43. Top 6 SEBS Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2020

Figure 44. Global SEBS Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2026)

Figure 45. Global SEBS Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2026)

Figure 46. North America SEBS Revenue (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 47. Europe SEBS Revenue (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 48. Asia-Pacific SEBS Revenue (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 49. South America SEBS Revenue (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 50. Middle East & Africa SEBS Revenue (2016-2026) & (USD Million)

Figure 51. Global SEBS Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026)

Figure 52. Global SEBS Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2026)

Figure 53. Global SEBS Price by Type (2016-2026) & (USD/MT)

Figure 54. Global SEBS Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026)

Figure 55. Global SEBS Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2026)

Figure 56. Global SEBS Price by Application (2016-2026) & (USD/MT)

Figure 57. North America SEBS Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2026)

Figure 58. North America SEBS Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026)

Figure 59. North America SEBS Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026)

Figure 60. North America SEBS Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026)

Figure 61. Europe SEBS Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2026)

Figure 62. Europe SEBS Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026)

Figure 63. Europe SEBS Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026)

Figure 64. Europe SEBS Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026)

Figure 65. Asia-Pacific SEBS Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2026)

Figure 66. Asia-Pacific SEBS Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2026)

Figure 67. Asia-Pacific SEBS Sales Market Share by Region (2016-2026)

Figure 68. Asia-Pacific SEBS Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026)

Figure 69. South America SEBS Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2026)

Figure 70. South America SEBS Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026)

Figure 71. South America SEBS Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026)

Figure 72. South America SEBS Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026)

Figure 73. Middle East & Africa SEBS Sales Market Share by Country (2016-2026)

Figure 74. Middle East & Africa SEBS Revenue Market Share by Country (2016-2026)

Figure 75. Middle East & Africa SEBS Sales Market Share by Type (2016-2026)

Figure 76. Middle East & Africa SEBS Sales Market Share by Application (2016-2026)

Figure 77. Sales Channel: Direct Channel vs Indirect Channel

Figure 78. Methodology

Figure 79. Research Process and Data Source